منابع مشابه
Using genetic variation for establishing causality of cardiovascular risk factors: overcoming confounding and reverse causality
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in developed countries, despite the decline of CVD mortality over the last two decades. From observational, predictive research, efforts have been made to find causal risk factors for CVD. However, in recent years, some of these findings have been shown to be mistaken. Possible explanations for the discrepant findings are confoundi...
متن کاملTrust and health: testing the reverse causality hypothesis
BACKGROUND Social capital research has consistently shown positive associations between generalised trust and health outcomes over 2 decades. Longitudinal studies attempting to test causal relationships further support the theory that trust is an independent predictor of health. However, as the reverse causality hypothesis has yet to be empirically tested, a knowledge gap remains. The aim of th...
متن کاملBreastfeeding and infant size: evidence of reverse causality.
Infants who receive prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding grow more slowly during the first year of life than those who do not. However, infant feeding and growth are dynamic processes in which feeding may affect growth, and prior growth and size may also influence subsequent feeding decisions. The authors carried out an observational analysis of 17,046 Belarusian infants who were recruited bet...
متن کاملAsymptotic Bias of OLS in the Presence of Reverse Causality
In this paper, I derive an expression for the asymptotic bias in the OLS estimator of the partial effect of a regressor on the dependent variable when there is reverse causality and all variables in the model are covariance stationary. I show that the sign of the asymptotic bias depends only on the signs of the bi-directional causal effects. JEL Codes: C10, C30.
متن کاملA Test for Reverse Causality in the Democratic Peace Relationship*
Several studies have suggested the possibility of reverse causation in the ‘democratic peace’ relationship: that the well-known extreme rarity of wars between democratic nations may be partially or wholly explained by a negative impact of war on democracy. Three kinds of war-on-regime effects are discussed. Anterior effects are regime changes that occur in preparation for wars; concurrent effec...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Canadian Journal of Cardiology
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0828-282X
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.12.018